Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology

Table of Contents

List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements

CHAPTER 1: OCULOPLASTICS
Eyelid anatomy * History * Examination * Ectropion * Floppy eyelid syndrome * Lower lid entropion * Upper lid entropion * Trichiasis * Distichiasis * Facial nerve palsy * Ptosis * Chalazion * Necrotizing fasciitis * Benign lid lesions * Neoplastic lid lesions * Congenital eyelid diseaes * Eyelid trauma * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 2: LACRIMAL
The watering eye * Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction * Canaliculitis * Acute dacryocystitis (lacrimal sac abscess) * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 3: ORBITAL
Anatomy * History and Examination * Investigations * Congenital disorders * Thyroid eye disease * Cellulitis * Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease * Dacryoadenitis * Orbital myositis * Superior orbital fissure syndrome (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome) * Orbital vascular lesions * Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders * Lacrimal gland tumours * Rhabdomyosarcoma and other mesenchymal tumours * Orbital trauma * Eye socket disorders * Procedures

CHAPTER 4: EXTERNAL EYE DISEASE
History and examination * Anterior blepharitis * Posterior blepharitis * Ocular rosacea * Bacterial conjunctivitis * Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis * Chlamydial conjunctivitis * Allergic conjunctivitis * Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Erythema Multiforme) * Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid * Subconjunctival haemorrage * Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis * Pingueculum * Oncocytoma (oxyphilic adenoma) * Kawasaki disease * Oculoglandular syndrome * Chemical injury * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 5: CORNEA
Anatomy * History and examination * Investigations * Corneal abrasions and foreign bodies * Recurrent corneal erosion * Persistent epithelial defects * Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) * Keratoconus * Contact lenses * Peripheral corneal thinning * Phlyctenulosis * Marginal keratitis * Bacterial keratitis * Fungal keratitis * Acanthamoeba keratitis * Herpes simplex keratitis * Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (ophthalmic shingles) * Thygeson keratitis * Corneal dystrophies * Pterygium * Band keratopathy * Corneal degenerations and deposits * Corneal graft rejection * Anterior segment trauma * Laser refractive surgery * Applying corneal glue * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 6: PHAKOEMULSIFICATION CATARACT SURGERY
Pre-operative assessment * Biometry * Management of astigmatism * Local anaesthesia * Basic surgical techniques * Difficult Cases * Intraoperative complications * Postoperative complications * Optometry and General Practice guidelines

CHAPTER 7: GLAUCOMA
Pharmacology of IOP lowering drugs * History * Optic disc examination * Gonioscopy * Intaocular pressure (IOP) * Interpreting Humphrey Visual Field Tests * Primary open angle glaucoma * Trabeculectomy I: surgical technique * Trabeculectomy II: postoperative care * Argon laser trabeculoplasty * Trans-scleral cyclodiode laser treatment * Glaucoma drainage implants * Normal tension glaucoma * Pseudoexfoliation syndrome * Pigment dispersion syndrome * Neovascular glaucoma * Uveitic glaucoma * Steroid pressure response and associated glaucoma * Phakolytic and phakomorphic glaucoma * Traumatic glaucoma * Glaucoma following vitreoretinal surgery * Aqueous misdirection * Congential glaucoma * Emergency protocols Bleb related infection * Primary angle-closure * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 8: UVEITIS
History and examination * Acute Anterior Uveitis * Chronic anterior uveitis * Intermediate Uveitis * Posterior uveitis * Sarcoidosis * Tuberculosis * Behcet disease * Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome * Sympathetic ophthalmia * Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS) * Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis * Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) * Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) * Birdshot chorioretinopathy * Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) * Serpiginous (geographic) choroidopathy * Toxoplasmosis * Acute retinal necrosis * Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis * Masquerade syndromes * Uveitis in children * Uveitis in pregnancy * Uveitis in immunosuppressed * HIV * Episcleritis * Scleritis * Endophthalmitis * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 9: OCULAR ONCOLOGY
Conjunctival tumours * Iris melanoma * Differential diagnosis of fundus tumours * Choroidal melanoma * Retinoblastoma

CHAPTER 10: MEDICAL RETINA
Taking a family history for inherited disease * Fluorescein angiography * Indocyanine green angiography * Autoflourescence imaging * Electrophysiology * Retinal laser guidelines * Differential Diagnoses * AMD * Indiopathic choroidal polypoidal vasculopathy * Diabetes * Central retinal vein occlusion * Branch retinal vein occlusion * Central retinal artery occlusion * Branch retinal artery occlusion * Hypertensive retinopathy * Macroaneurysm * Ocular ischaemia syndrome * Juxtafoveal telangiectasia * Sickle cell retinopathy * Eales disease * Pseudophakic macular oedema (Irvine-Gass syndrome) * Central serous retinopathy (CSR) * Retinitis pigmentosa * Gyrate atrophy * Cone dystrophy * Choroideraemia * Best disease * Pattern dystrophy * Stargardt Disease * North Carolina macular dystrophy * Albinism * Syphilis * Toxic retinopathy * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 11: SURGICAL RETINA
Indirect ophthalmoscopy * Posterior vitreous detachment * Retinal degenerations and tears * Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment * Diabetic vitreoretinal surgery * Diabetic vitreoretinal surgery * Epiretinal membrane * Vitreomacular traction syndrome * Macular hole * Vitreous haemorrhage * Uveal efffusion syndrome * Hereditary vitreoretinal degenerations * Posterior segment trauma * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 12: PAEDIATRICS
History and examination * Prescribing spectacles * Leucocoria * Infantile cataract * Coats disease * Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous * Toxocariasis * Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) * Conjunctivitis of the newborn (Ophthalmia neonatorum) * Anterior segment dygenesis * Non-accidental injury * Reduced vision with an otherwise normal examination * Otometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 13: STRABISMUS
Anatomy and Physiology * History and examination * Amblyopia * Esotropia * Exotropia * Microtropia * Accommodation and convergence disorders * Incomitant stabismus * Alphabet patterns * Duane syndrome * Brown syndrome * Thyroid eye disease * Third nerve palsy * Fourth nerve palsy * Sixth nerve palsy * Optometry and general practice guidelines

CHAPTER 14: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
History and examination * Investigations * Anisocoria * Transient visual loss * Nystagmus * Visual field defects * Optic disc swelling * Idiopathic intracranial hypertension * Headache * Migraine * Ischaemic optic neuropathy * Demyelinating (MS-associated) optic neuritis * Traumatic optic neuropathy * Compressive, infiltrative & inflammatory optic neuropathy * Nutritional and toxic optic neuropathy * Hereditary optic neuropathies * Radiation optic neuropathy * Optic nerve tumours * Cerebrovascular disease * Carotid cavernous fistula * Medically Unexplained Visual Loss * Systemic disease associations * Optometry and general practice guidelines
APPENDICES
I Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
II Anaphylaxis
III Visual standards for driving
IV Sutures and needles
V Surgical instruments
VI Use of the operating microscope
VII Ophthalmic drug use in pregnancy
VIII Reading Test Types
IX Amsler chart
X Contact details